Part I Reading Comprehension （30%）

Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself.” In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this rally a lie？

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. （76）According to him，women are better liars than men，particularly when telling a “white lie”，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However，this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they have no intension of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”。（77）He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things， and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

1. According to the passage，a “white lie” seems to be a lie

A. that other people believe

B. that other people don’t believe

C. told in order to avoid offending someone

D. told in order to take advantage of someone

2. Research suggests that women

A. are better at telling less serious lies than men are

B. generally lie far more than men do

C. lie at parties more often than men do

D. often make promises they intend to break

3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies

A. his blood pressure increases measurably

B. he looks very serious

C. he tends to make some small changes in his behavior

D. he uses his unconscious mind

4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that

A. they wish they were somewhere else

B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C. they want to cover their mouths

D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

5. The tone of this passage tells us that the writer

A. hates to lie

B. enjoys lying

C. often tells a lie

D. tries to analyze lying

1、文章整体布局阐发

全篇环抱“假话”这一主题开展论述：第一段经由过程举例及疑难的方法探究事实甚么才算是假话；第二段先容了南加州大学的Jerald Jellison传授做过一个关于撒谎的科学钻研的结论，即汉子和女人撒谎是分歧的，而汉子更可能说更紧张的假话；第三段则先容了撒谎时举动上的一些渺小的扭转；第四段重要讲述了撒谎时“封嘴”这一详细举动；最后又弥补阐明以上举止其实不能组成发言者正在撒谎的证据，而是一系列的工具，出格是撒谎者所说的假话自己。

2、试题详细阐发

1. 「谜底」C 本题考核的是考生对细节的掌控，谜底对应于文章第1、二段。第一段中“you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.”，第二段又用举例的法子诠释了white lie的寄义。这个例子就是“such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really think it looks awful.”

2. 「谜底」A 本题考核的也是考生对细节的掌控，谜底对应文章的第二段。该段比力了汉子和女人撒谎的分歧，并且汉子更可能说更紧张的假话。拜见第二段中句子“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，……”这里的比力就是

与前一句中女人扯谎比拟。

3. 「谜底」C 本题考核的也是考生对细节的掌控，谜底对应于第三段第一句：Research has also been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. 一样有钻研偏重于当人们撒谎时他们举动的一些微小的，较着的不首要的扭转，很轻易看出谜底C与该句合适。

4. 「谜底」B 本题考核的也是考生对细节的掌控，谜底对应于第三段最后一句：The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch. 鼻尖对如许的变革很是敏感，血压的增长使得它发痒，即与B选项吻合。

5. 「谜底」D 此题考核的是考生对整篇漫笔的概念的理解。文章起首讲到汉子女人撒谎的分歧，尔后又阐发撒谎时人们举动方法的变革等等，以是说文章是在阐发撒谎。其他选项毛病。

3、文章长难句阐发与佳句赏析

1.In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. 现实上，你其实不缺钱，可是你的这位朋侪却有欠钱不还的习气而你又不想经由过程提示他这点而危险他的豪情。句子布局阐发：you are not short of…but your friend is in the habit of…and you don’t want to…by…；short of…缺少…；in the habit of…养成…习气；pay

one’s deb还…的债；remind sb of…提示或人使想起…。

2.He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. 他说有几种动作情势，比方用手指掩一部门嘴，摸上嘴唇或一个手指支在嘴角。句子布局阐发：He says there are several typical forms of this，such as…；cover…with…用…粉饰。

4、焦点辞汇

short of…缺少…；in the habit of…养成…习气；pay one’s deb还…的债；remind sb of…提示或人使想起…；liar惯于撒谎者；awful糟的；fulfill实行，实现，完成；sensitive敏感的，活络的；give…away出卖…；unconscious偶然识的，昏迷不醒；attempt测验考试，尽力，试图；rub擦，磨擦；context上下文；itch发痒；

5、全文翻译

假话到底是甚么？是说一些咱们晓得不是真正的事变？仍是甚于这些？比方，假如一个朋侪向你借钱。你说“我但愿能帮忙你，但我如今本身也缺钱。”现实上，你其实不缺钱，可是你的这位朋侪却有欠钱不还的习气而你又不想经由过程提示他这点而危险他的豪情。这是一个真实的假话吗？

南加州大学的Jerald Jellison传授做过一个关于撒谎的科学钻研。钻研显示女人比汉子更长于撒谎，出格是说“善意的假话”，比方在一个派对上一个女人称颂另外一个女人的衣服而现实上她认为那衣服很丢脸。但是这只是故事的一方面。其他的钻研者说汉子更偏向于说一些较紧张的假话，比方许诺他们历来没想过要实现的许诺。政客和商人彷佛出格擅擅长此类假话：撒谎者可从假话中赢利或在某些方面获得益处。

一样有钻研偏重于当人们撒谎时他们举动的一些微小的，较着的不首要的扭转。成果表白若是他们那时坐着，那末他们会更多的在椅子中挪动。他们对受过练习的察看者认可“我但愿我是在另外一个处所”。他们也会更多的触摸面部的某些部门，出格是鼻子。一个诠释是由于撒谎会使血压发生细小的变革。鼻尖对如许的变革很是敏感，血压的增长使得它发痒。

另外一个将撒谎者出卖的行为是在Desmond Morris的书《Manwatching》中提到的“封嘴”。他说有几种动作情势，比方用手指掩一部门嘴，摸上嘴唇或一个手指支在嘴角。如许的举动可以看做是一种阻拦撒谎者继续撒谎的下意识行为。

固然，这些举止，比方摸鼻子或袒护嘴唇，或在椅子中挪动都不克不及作为发言者正在撒谎的证据。只是这些举动在如许的环境下更易产生。不是一个举止便可以将撒谎者出卖，而是一系列的工具，出格是撒谎者所说的假话自己。