原标题:英语中的16种时态详解,请mark学习
1. 一般如今时 (do/does; is/am/are)
①如今的动作、情况、状况和特征。
例:she is a teacher.
她是一位教师
② 常常性、习气性动作。
例:he always helps others.
他老是协助别人。
③ 客观实际和广泛真理。假定前后文不是一般如今时,则无法坚持 主句、从句时态共同。
例:the earth moves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④ 标明一个按规则、方案或组织要发生的动作。
例:the next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
下一趟火车http://t.cn/eakmcg5 。
⑤ 在时刻和条件状语从句里常常用一般如今(有时也用如今结束时)标明将来作业。
例:when you have finished the report, i will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你结束这份陈述的时分,我就现已等了将近3个小时了。
2. 如今进行时(am/is/are doing)
①标明此时此时正在发生的作业。
例:he is listning to the music now.
他如今正在听音乐。
②标明当前一段时刻内一向在做的作业,但不必定此时此时正在做。
例:i am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一向在学习核算机。
③如今进行时可以标明将来的意义。
瞬时动词的进行必定表将来。
例: i am leaving.
我要脱离了。
持续动词的进行只需有将来的时刻状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例: i am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④如今进行时与频度副词连用,标明说话者或褒义或贬义的豪情颜色。
例: he is always helping others.
他老是协助别人。(褒义)
3. 如今结束时(have/has done)
①标明动作到如今中止现已结束或刚刚结束,偏重对如今发生的影响。
例:i bought a new house, but i haven’t sold my old one yet, so at the moment i have two houses.
我买了一所新房子,可是还没有卖掉旧的,所以如今我又两所房子。
②标明从曩昔某时刻初步,持续到如今的动作或情况,而且有可以会持续连续下去。此时常常用连续性动词。时刻状语常用since加一个曩昔的时刻点,或for加一段时刻,或by加一个如今时刻。
例:great as newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
尽管牛顿是个巨大的人物,但他的许多见地直到今日还在遭到应战,而且被现代科学家的作业所批改。
③标明发生在曩昔,但对如今仍有影响的动作或情况。一般用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:john has broken his left leg.
约翰摔断了左腿。
留心:
a) 如今结束时是联络曩昔和如今的枢纽。如今结束时和曩昔时的差异在于:如今结束时偏重动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的成果,对如今有影响;曩昔时只标明曩昔的某个具体时刻里发生的动作,与如今没有联络。例:
he worked in that hospital for 8 years.
他早年在那家医院作业了8年。这只是叙说一个曩昔的实际,他如今现已不在那家医院了。
he has worked in that hospital for 8 years.
他现已在那家医院里作业了8年。标明他从曩昔初步作业,一向作业到如今,如今仍在那家医院作业。
b) 因为富含for加一段时刻或since加一个时刻点这样的时刻状语的结束时,有动态和连续性的特征,所以不能运用终端动词或片刻间动词。例:
my sister has been married for 5 years.
曩昔分词做表语标明状况,可以连续
my sister has married. don’t disturb her.
终端动词不可以连续
4. 如今结束进行时(have/has been doing)
标明某一动作初步于曩昔某一时刻,连续或重复地呈现至今,或将持续连续至将来。 与如今结束时比较,如今结束进行时更偏重:在从曩昔到如今的时刻里,动作或状况一向持续或一向重复呈现。
例:we have been working on this project for over a month now.
到当前中止,咱们一向在处置那个项目,现已花了一个多月时刻了。
5. 一般曩昔时 (did; was/were)
①标明
曩昔某个时刻发生的动作或情况。
例:i bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨日买了一些生果。
②标明曩昔习气性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身标明的 就是曩昔时。
例:the old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
老人曩昔常常坐在恬静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,啥也不干,也不好任何人攀谈。
he used to visit his mother once a week.
他早年迈是每周看望一次他的母亲。
③有时可替代一般如今时,表达一种悠扬、谦让、礼貌、协商的口气。
例:i wanted to ask you if i could borrow your car?我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?
would you mind my sitting here?
您介意我坐在这儿吗?
留心思项:
a) 留心时刻状语的分配。一般曩昔时的时刻状语大约是标明曩昔某个时刻的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,必定不可以与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时刻状语都与如今有联络,大约用如今结束时或一般如今时。
b) used to do的否定方法和疑问方法很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定方法为例:used not to do, didn’t used to do, didn’t use to do都对。
used to do常常与 be used to doing sth/ sth规划进行对
比。前者标明”曩昔常常或曩昔早年”,需求加动词原形;后者标明”习气于”,需求加名词或动名词。
6. 曩昔结束时(had done)
标明在曩昔的某个时刻或动作早年现已结束的动作或现已存在的状况。就是咱们常说的”曩昔的曩昔”。
例:until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for six months.
到那时中止,他家里现已有六个月没得到他的消息了。
“曩昔的曩昔”这种逻辑联络常经过上下文体现出来,而不必定受某个时刻状语的捆绑。
there had been some one in our room just now, because i noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.
方才有人在咱们的房间里,因为咱们翻开前门进来时,我留心到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的卷烟。
尽管时刻状语是just now,如同大约运用一般曩昔时,可是“在房间里”这个状况是在”开门”和”留心”这两个曩昔的动作之前就存在的,所以大约用曩昔结束时。
7. 曩昔将来时(would do)
标明从曩昔的某个时刻看即将发生的事。
例:i said on thursday i should see my friend the next day.
我周四说我将于第二天造访我的兄弟。
8. 曩昔进行时(was/ were doing)
①标明在曩昔一个具体的时刻正在发生的动作。
例:mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.
10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。
②标明曩昔某个时刻段内一向在发生的作业。
例:i was travelling in london last summer vacation.
上一年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
③曩昔进行时可以标明曩昔将来的意义。
瞬时动词的曩昔进行时必定标明曩昔将来的意义。
例:then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要脱离了。
持续动词的曩昔进行时只需在有曩昔将来的时刻状语或曩昔将来的语境下才干标明曩昔将来。
例:she said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
④曩昔进行时和频度副词连用可以标明说话者或褒义或贬义的豪情颜色。
例:when he lived in country,he was always helping the poor.
住在乡下时,他老是协助穷户。
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9. 一般将来时
①根柢规划是will/shall do
例:we will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
咱们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。
②有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,而且一般与一个标明将来时刻的时刻状语连用,可以标明将来时。
例:my mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until may.(我母亲下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
③标明“方案…,要…”时,可用 be going to do。
例:this is just what i am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
④ 标明“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。偏重近期内或马上要做的事。
例:don’t worry, i am about to make a close examination on you.
别忧虑,我马上就给你做一次细心的查看。
⑤”be to do”的用法:
a) 标明“按方案、组织即将发生某事或方案做某事”。
例:she is to be seen in the lab on monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
b) 该做或不该做的作业(口气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),标明一种指令、奉劝性口气。
例:you are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们,你们有必要 上床睡觉,禁绝吵嚷。咱们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
标明从将来的某一时刻初步、连续到另一个将来时刻的动作或状况,或是发生在某个将来时刻,但对这今后的另一个将来时刻有影响的动作或状况。就好象把如今结束时平移到时刻轴的将来不时段相同。其用法从和曩昔及如今有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:don’t worry, you won’t miss her. she will be wearing a red t-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别忧虑,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件赤色的t恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
11. 将来结束时(will have done)
标明从将来的某一时刻初步、连续到另一个将来时刻的动作或状况,或是发生在某个将来时刻,但对这今后的另一个将来时刻有影响的动作或状况。就好象把如今结束时平移到时刻轴的将来不时段相同。其用法从和曩昔及如今有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:the conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
会议从初步到结束将持续整整一个星期。
12.将来结束进行时:(will have been doing)
标明一个动作连续到将来某个时刻,时刻一向有规则在进行、不曾接连,而且有可以持续连续下去。
例:by the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
到下个月底中止,这项工程就现已不断地进行了3年了。
13.曩昔结束进行时:had been doing
标明从曩昔的曩昔初步,持续到曩昔的动作或情况,时刻一向有规则的在进行、不曾接连,而且有可以会持续连续下去。此时常常用连续性动词。
例:the old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before i came back home.
我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子现已把这个旧挂钟拆开侧从头拼装了好几回了。
14.曩昔将来进行时:( would be doing )
偏重在曩昔将来的某个具体时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状况。
例:the government promised that a new highway would be being built next july.
政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在建筑。
15.曩昔将来结束时:(would have done)
标明到曩昔将来某一时刻现已结束的动作,而且对曩昔将来那一时刻点发生影响。(曩昔时刻点上发生的将来结束时)
例:i believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but i was wrong.
我深信到那年年末中止,那个软件的新版别将被开宣告来。可是我错了。
标明动作从曩昔某一时刻初步一向连续到曩昔将来某一时刻,而且有可以持续连续下去。
例:he told me that by the end of the year he would have lived there for thirty years.
他告诉我,到那年年末中止他将现已在那里住了三十年了。
16.曩昔将来结束进行时:
(would have been doing)
标明动作从曩昔某一时刻初步一向连续到曩昔将来某一时刻,时刻一向有规则在进行、不曾接连,而且有可以持续连续下去。
例:they said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
他们说到第二个月底中止,这项工程就现已不断地进行了3年了。回来搜狐,查看更多
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